@prefix this: <https://w3id.org/np/RA5e5XeXy_-aNK5giB7kBAEQslTLVydHeM4YYEzhmEE2w> .
@prefix sub: <https://w3id.org/np/RA5e5XeXy_-aNK5giB7kBAEQslTLVydHeM4YYEzhmEE2w/> .
@prefix np: <http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#> .
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix nt: <https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/> .
@prefix npx: <http://purl.org/nanopub/x/> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix orcid: <https://orcid.org/> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .

sub:Head {
  this: np:hasAssertion sub:assertion;
    np:hasProvenance sub:provenance;
    np:hasPublicationInfo sub:pubinfo;
    a np:Nanopublication .
}

sub:assertion {
  <http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/PICO> rdfs:label "PICO-based research question" .
  
  <http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/comparatorGroup> rdfs:label "has" .
  
  <http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/interventionGroup> rdfs:label "has" .
  
  <http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/outcomeGroup> rdfs:label "has" .
  
  <http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/population> rdfs:label "has" .
  
  dct:description rdfs:label "has the description" .
  
  rdf:type rdfs:label "is a" .
  
  rdfs:label rdfs:label "has the label" .
  
  sub:assertion a nt:AssertionTemplate;
    rdfs:label "Defining a PICO-based research question";
    nt:hasStatement sub:st1, sub:st1b, sub:st2, sub:st3, sub:st4a, sub:st4b, sub:st5a,
      sub:st5b, sub:st6a, sub:st6b, sub:st7a, sub:st7b .
  
  sub:comparatorGroup a nt:LocalResource;
    rdfs:label "a comparator group" .
  
  sub:comparatorGroupDescription a nt:LongLiteralPlaceholder;
    rdfs:label "description of the comparator group" .
  
  sub:description a nt:LongLiteralPlaceholder;
    rdfs:label "description of the research question" .
  
  sub:interventionGroup a nt:LocalResource;
    rdfs:label "an intervention group" .
  
  sub:interventionGroupDescription a nt:LongLiteralPlaceholder;
    rdfs:label "description of the intervention group" .
  
  sub:label a nt:LiteralPlaceholder;
    rdfs:label "label for the research question" .
  
  sub:outcomeGroup a nt:LocalResource;
    rdfs:label "an outcome group" .
  
  sub:outcomeGroupDescription a nt:LongLiteralPlaceholder;
    rdfs:label "description of the outcome group" .
  
  sub:pico a nt:IntroducedResource, nt:LocalResource, nt:UriPlaceholder;
    rdfs:label "short ID used as URI suffix" .
  
  sub:population a nt:LocalResource;
    rdfs:label "a population" .
  
  sub:populationDescription a nt:LongLiteralPlaceholder;
    rdfs:label "description of the population" .
  
  sub:st1 rdf:object <http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/PICO>;
    rdf:predicate rdf:type;
    rdf:subject sub:pico .
  
  sub:st1b rdf:object sub:type;
    rdf:predicate rdf:type;
    rdf:subject sub:pico .
  
  sub:st2 rdf:object sub:label;
    rdf:predicate rdfs:label;
    rdf:subject sub:pico .
  
  sub:st3 rdf:object sub:description;
    rdf:predicate dct:description;
    rdf:subject sub:pico .
  
  sub:st4a rdf:object sub:population;
    rdf:predicate <http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/population>;
    rdf:subject sub:pico .
  
  sub:st4b rdf:object sub:populationDescription;
    rdf:predicate dct:description;
    rdf:subject sub:population .
  
  sub:st5a rdf:object sub:interventionGroup;
    rdf:predicate <http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/interventionGroup>;
    rdf:subject sub:pico .
  
  sub:st5b rdf:object sub:interventionGroupDescription;
    rdf:predicate dct:description;
    rdf:subject sub:interventionGroup .
  
  sub:st6a rdf:object sub:comparatorGroup;
    rdf:predicate <http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/comparatorGroup>;
    rdf:subject sub:pico .
  
  sub:st6b rdf:object sub:comparatorGroupDescription;
    rdf:predicate dct:description;
    rdf:subject sub:comparatorGroup .
  
  sub:st7a rdf:object sub:outcomeGroup;
    rdf:predicate <http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/outcomeGroup>;
    rdf:subject sub:pico .
  
  sub:st7b rdf:object sub:outcomeGroupDescription;
    rdf:predicate dct:description;
    rdf:subject sub:outcomeGroup .
  
  sub:type a nt:RestrictedChoicePlaceholder;
    rdfs:label "choose the type of research question";
    nt:possibleValue <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/CausationResearchQuestion>,
      <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/DescriptiveResearchQuestion>, <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/EffectivenessResearchQuestions>,
      <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/ExperienceResearchQuestions>, <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/PredictionResearchQuestions> .
  
  <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/CausationResearchQuestion> rdfs:label "causation research question - (Does factor X cause outcome Y?)" .
  
  <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/DescriptiveResearchQuestion> rdfs:label "descriptive research question - (What are the characteristics of X?)" .
  
  <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/EffectivenessResearchQuestions> rdfs:label "effectiveness research question - (Does approach X work better than Y?)" .
  
  <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/ExperienceResearchQuestions> rdfs:label "experience research question - (How do people experience phenomenon X?)" .
  
  <https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/PredictionResearchQuestions> rdfs:label "prediction research question - (What outcomes can we expect from X?)" .
}

sub:provenance {
  sub:assertion prov:wasAttributedTo orcid:0000-0002-1267-0234 .
}

sub:pubinfo {
  orcid:0000-0002-1267-0234 foaf:name "Tobias Kuhn" .
  
  this: dct:created "2025-11-14T09:07:31.703Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
    dct:creator orcid:0000-0002-1267-0234;
    dct:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>;
    npx:supersedes <https://w3id.org/np/RAb2Ga3ljDl0h07h2zqs6KcFfkKoNOV1mpFdYdJhtOs9o>;
    npx:wasCreatedAt <https://nanodash.knowledgepixels.com/>;
    rdfs:label "Defining a PICO-based research question";
    nt:wasCreatedFromProvenanceTemplate <https://w3id.org/np/RA7lSq6MuK_TIC6JMSHvLtee3lpLoZDOqLJCLXevnrPoU>;
    nt:wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate <https://w3id.org/np/RA0J4vUn_dekg-U1kK3AOEt02p9mT2WO03uGxLDec1jLw>,
      <https://w3id.org/np/RAoTD7udB2KtUuOuAe74tJi1t3VzK0DyWS7rYVAq1GRvw>, <https://w3id.org/np/RAukAcWHRDlkqxk7H2XNSegc1WnHI569INvNr-xdptDGI>;
    nt:wasCreatedFromTemplate <https://w3id.org/np/RA1XuAdO6LOtlPJgWiytJHFuK4BFHjQK5x7d9FVymzFnc> .
  
  sub:sig npx:hasAlgorithm "RSA";
    npx:hasPublicKey "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQD4Wj537OijfOWVtsHMznuXKISqBhtGDQZfdO6pbb4hg9EHMcUFGTLbWaPrP783PHv8HMAAPjvEkHLaOHMIknqhaIa5236lfBO3r+ljVdYBElBcLvROmwG+ZGtmPNZf7lMhI15xf5TfoaSa84AFRd5J2EXekK6PhaFQhRm1IpSYtwIDAQAB";
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    npx:hasSignatureTarget this:;
    npx:signedBy orcid:0000-0002-1267-0234 .
}