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http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/#enrichment_service-account-enrichment http://schema.org/name service-account-enrichment https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/#enrichment_service-account-enrichment http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://schema.org/about http://eurovoc.europa.eu/632 https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://schema.org/author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-0052 https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://schema.org/contentSize 5592 https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://schema.org/contentUrl https://api.rohub.org/api/ros/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/crate/download/ https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://schema.org/creator mailto:service-account-generation-service https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://schema.org/dateCreated 2021-12-10 09:57:53.690965+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://schema.org/dateModified 2025-03-05 02:47:41.945223+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://schema.org/datePublished 2021-12-10 09:57:53.690965+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://schema.org/description How is the relation between duration of lockdown and numbers of infected people and deaths of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and growth level of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in countries? Results here suggest that, during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, countries with a shorter period of lockdown (about 15 days: Austria, Portugal and Sweden) have average confirmed cases divided by population higher than countries with a longer period of lockdown (about 60 days, i.e., 2 months: France, Italy and Spain); moreover, countries with a shorter period of lockdown have average fatality rate (5.45%) lower than countries with a longer length of lockdown (12.70%), whereas average variation of fatality rate from March to August 2020 (first pandemic wave of COVID-19) suggests a higher reduction in countries with a longer period of lockdown than countries with a shorter duration (-1.9% vs. -0.72%). Independent Samples Test reveals that average fatality rate of countries with a shorter period of lockdown was significantly lower than countries with a longer period of lockdown (5.4% vs. 12.7%, p-value<.05). The Mann-Whitney Test confirms that average fatality rate of countries with a shorter period of lockdown is significantly lower than countries having a longer period of lockdown (U = 0, p-value =.005). In addition, results show that lockdowns of longer duration have generated negative effects on GDP growth: average contraction of GDP (index 2010 = 100) from second quarter 2019 to second quarter of 2020 in countries applying a longer period of lockdown (i.e., about two months) is about -21%, whereas it is -13% in countries applying a shorter period of lockdown of about 15 days (significant difference with Independent Samples Test: t(4) = -2.274, p-value <.085). This finding shows a systematic deterioration of economic system because of containment policies based on a longer duration of lockdown in society. Another novel finding here reveals that countries with higher investments in healthcare (as percentage of GDP) have alleviated fatality rate of COVID-19 and simultaneously have applied a shorter period of lockdown, reducing negative effects on economic system in terms of contraction of economic growth. Overall, then, using lessons learned of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic crisis, this study must conclude that a strategy to reduce the negative impact of future epidemics similar to COVID-19 has to be based on a reinforcement of healthcare sector to have efficient health organizations to cope with pandemics of new viral agents by minimizing fatality rates; finally, high investments in health sector create the social conditions to apply lockdowns of short run with lower negative effects on socioeconomic systems. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://schema.org/encodingFormat application/ld+json https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://schema.org/hasPart https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/resources/cc67e177-291a-473f-bc90-cc674b6bdb14 https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://schema.org/identifier https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://schema.org/license https://choosealicense.com/no-permission/ https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://schema.org/name The relation between length of lockdown, numbers of infected people and deaths of Covid-19, and economic growth of countries: Lessons learned to cope with future pandemics similar to Covid-19 and to constrain the deterioration of economic system https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#creation_mode MANUAL https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/ro#ResearchObject https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/roevo#LiveRO https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/Dataset https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://w3id.org/ro/earth-science#BibliographyResearchObject https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/ro/terms/earth-science#BibliographyResearchObject https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/ https://www.w3.org/ns/iana/link-relations/relation#cite-as Foglini, Federica. "The relation between length of lockdown, numbers of infected people and deaths of Covid-19, and economic growth of countries: Lessons learned to cope with future pandemics similar to Covid-19 and to constrain the deterioration of economic system." ROHub. Dec 10 ,2021. https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac. https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/resources/cc67e177-291a-473f-bc90-cc674b6bdb14 http://schema.org/author mailto:service-account-generation-service https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/resources/cc67e177-291a-473f-bc90-cc674b6bdb14 http://schema.org/contentSize 296 https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/resources/cc67e177-291a-473f-bc90-cc674b6bdb14 http://schema.org/contentUrl https://api.rohub.org/api/resources/cc67e177-291a-473f-bc90-cc674b6bdb14/download/ https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/resources/cc67e177-291a-473f-bc90-cc674b6bdb14 http://schema.org/creator mailto:service-account-generation-service https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/resources/cc67e177-291a-473f-bc90-cc674b6bdb14 http://schema.org/dateCreated 2021-12-10 09:57:57.350896+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/resources/cc67e177-291a-473f-bc90-cc674b6bdb14 http://schema.org/dateModified 2021-12-10 09:57:57.352165+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/4124aa67-10cb-4105-9da4-034a777911ac/resources/cc67e177-291a-473f-bc90-cc674b6bdb14 http://schema.org/description How is the relation between duration of lockdown and numbers of infected people and deaths of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and growth level of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in countries? Results here suggest that, during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, countries with a shorter period of lockdown (about 15 days: Austria, Portugal and Sweden) have average confirmed cases divided by population higher than countries with a longer period of lockdown (about 60 days, i.e., 2 months: France, Italy and Spain); moreover, countries with a shorter period of lockdown have average fatality rate (5.45%) lower than countries with a longer length of lockdown (12.70%), whereas average variation of fatality rate from March to August 2020 (first pandemic wave of COVID-19) suggests a higher reduction in countries with a longer period of lockdown than countries with a shorter duration (-1.9% vs. -0.72%). Independent Samples Test reveals that average fatality rate of countries with a shorter period of lockdown was significantly lower than countries with a longer period of lockdown (5.4% vs. 12.7%, p-value<.05). The Mann-Whitney Test confirms that average fatality rate of countries with a shorter period of lockdown is significantly lower than countries having a longer period of lockdown (U = 0, p-value =.005). In addition, results show that lockdowns of longer duration have generated negative effects on GDP growth: average contraction of GDP (index 2010 = 100) from second quarter 2019 to second quarter of 2020 in countries applying a longer period of lockdown (i.e., about two months) is about -21%, whereas it is -13% in countries applying a shorter period of lockdown of about 15 days (significant difference with Independent Samples Test: t(4) = -2.274, p-value <.085). This finding shows a systematic deterioration of economic system because of containment policies based on a longer duration of lockdown in society. Another novel finding here reveals that countries with higher investments in healthcare (as percentage of GDP) have alleviated fatality rate of COVID-19 and simultaneously have applied a shorter period of lockdown, reducing negative effects on economic system in terms of contraction of economic growth. Overall, then, using lessons learned of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic crisis, this study must conclude that a strategy to reduce the negative impact of future epidemics similar to COVID-19 has to be based on a reinforcement of healthcare sector to have efficient health organizations to cope with pandemics of new viral agents by minimizing fatality rates; finally, high investments in health sector create the social conditions to apply lockdowns of short run with lower negative effects on socioeconomic systems. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. 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