https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc/Head https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc/assertion https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001824 http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0906-9269 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001824 http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1469-6486 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001824 http://purl.org/dc/terms/language https://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Languages/LaISO639-1-LanguageCodes/en https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001824 http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher https://ror.org/0078xmk34 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001824 http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://www.fairsharing.org/ontology/subject/SRAO_0000041 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001824 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/fair/ff/terms/article https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001824 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/fdof/ontology#FAIRDigitalObject https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001824 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment A significant cost of wildfires is the exposure of local and regional populations to air pollution from smoke, which can travel hundreds of miles from the source fire and is associated with significant negative health consequences. Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity in the United States, driven by historic fire management approaches and global climate change. These influences will take many decades or longer to reverse, so the main opportunities for mitigating health effects involve minimizing human exposure through changes in behavior or infrastructure. One key recommendation for reducing pollution exposures during wildfire smoke events is to limit time and physical activity outdoors, but there is limited evidence on the extent to which people make this change. We estimate how use of parks and playgrounds changes with air quality during wildfire season in the northwest United States. We find small reductions in park and playground visits on moderately polluted days, and large reductions, to 50–60% of baseline visits, when pollution levels are high. Disaggregating results by neighborhood characteristics, we find a significantly greater behavioral response to moderate levels of air pollution in neighborhoods with higher socio-economic status, although responses to high levels of pollution are similar across neighborhood types. Major findings: Park and playground visitation in the Northwest United States decreases significantly as wildfire-driven air quality worsens, with visits dropping by up to 50% during hazardous conditions. A key disparity emerged showing that residents of higher-income and more educated neighborhoods begin taking protective action at much lower pollution levels than those in less advantaged areas, who typically only reduce activity when air quality reaches severe levels. These findings suggest that socioeconomic differences in health outcomes from wildfire smoke are driven partly by the varying ability of different groups to bear the costs of forgoing outdoor recreation. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001824 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Impacts of wildfire-season air quality on park and playground visitation in the Northwest United States https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001824 https://schema.org/funder https://ror.org/021nxhr62 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001824 https://w3id.org/fdof/ontology#hasMetadata https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001824 https://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#contactPoint katrina.mullan@umontana.edu https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001824 https://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#endDate 2024-10-01 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001824 https://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#startDate 2023-08-01 https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742 https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc/pubinfo https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name Emily Regalado https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-01-21T17:42:43.007Z https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742 https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001824 https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc http://purl.org/nanopub/x/supersedes https://w3id.org/np/RA-_y7yTo_bYKCi3mQXlUimoRUbs7epgqCpEa8H3aZTp8 https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc http://purl.org/nanopub/x/wasCreatedAt https://nanodash.knowledgepixels.com/ https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromProvenanceTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RA7lSq6MuK_TIC6JMSHvLtee3lpLoZDOqLJCLXevnrPoU https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RA0J4vUn_dekg-U1kK3AOEt02p9mT2WO03uGxLDec1jLw https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RAoTD7udB2KtUuOuAe74tJi1t3VzK0DyWS7rYVAq1GRvw https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromPubinfoTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RAukAcWHRDlkqxk7H2XNSegc1WnHI569INvNr-xdptDGI https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromTemplate https://w3id.org/np/RArM5GTwgxg9qslGX-XiQ-KTTUwdoM0KB1YqmT4GqTizA https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAxzr6UBGMW6c8tegz0babaledWUEQ0PLDE4tp7Iinbe2DZtAtY5JUptKYuStWDZx+QER4808P8dejNWRnBDzgthYJm/AyNSXflHSJhz2+NC+h7RylOLxbwLEQocmyKKiYxa2gT85m6ajVL2M6TnfG67nnK+K2f7iCGL6wYXRITD1q+7+5SWqBdDXIV921W4IKWaD2GJk+NRBoOqQhbsrk8Tn5XsNd7DMYVHk47oMDGbeBnrOIoRPsbBgAcoCsxxhiB9yN6Lf8EUbnlXVEDzJuZk048L1BDZL+6nkA8btTQGP2ijUFWA7rTrod3LjUDQWLZS95njjl867dtmv/znYkzwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature X1VMKDUdWnOHNNk4RCo4lnfem723BEXgqAzfpVrW0tvz1OQA2SRshPr/UNEmvIKkG2qUyczIJHhu137amtxNFFwDW/3vuRHmH2BD/MHZU8RbTvB3It8NApa7yyGaI51JwioD4Jk3fi2FOX3ivKbaoXzfkWPBSMVbZ32tDnQil7PTvQv+oRyIdxLizD+AU2b3VP/AMmtmyXIAIRYDfUcF4XfhAkpHXOIohpLlK8Qcdz3G/Kh5TCqpjC7S1JuATQTxYMFm2kZOGbuMsGDrNh0ByMxUKjVY41+soLt0FSu7jRhghayyykLAGZF4VA7p+cPQmb6OoARVEEli8wmgzIUmug== https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc https://w3id.org/np/RARbKP-ZigQ4GYcPJMZRl6jYn2nKNhNrYBELVISG4azNc/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8411-2742