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http://schema.org/author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-0052 https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://schema.org/contentSize 4731 https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://schema.org/contentUrl https://api.rohub.org/api/ros/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/crate/download/ https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://schema.org/creator mailto:service-account-generation-service https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://schema.org/dateCreated 2021-12-10 09:58:19.137198+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://schema.org/dateModified 2025-03-05 02:45:32.636820+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://schema.org/datePublished 2021-12-10 09:58:19.137198+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://schema.org/description Lockdown restrictions were implemented in Italy from 10 March 2020 to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study aims to evaluate air pollution changes, with focus on nitrogen dioxide (NO2), before and during the lockdown in Rome and in the surroundings. Significant NO2 declines were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic with reductions of - 50%, - 34%, and - 20% at urban traffic, urban background, and rural background stations, respectively. Tropospheric NO2 vertical column density (VCD) from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) was used to evaluate the spatial-temporal variations of the NO2 before and during the lockdown for the entire area where the surface stations are located. The evaluation is concerned with the pixels including one or more air quality stations to explore the capability of the unprecedented high spatial resolution to monitor urban and rural sites from space with relation to the surface measurements. Good agreement between surface concentration and TROPOMI VCD was obtained in Rome (R = 0.64 in 2019, R = 0.77 in 2020) and in rural sites (R = 0.71 in 2019). Inversely, a slight correlation (R = 0.20) was observed in rural areas during the lockdown due to very low levels of NO2. Finally, the TROPOMI VCD showed a sharp decline in NO2, larger in urban (- 43%) than in rural sites (- 17%) as retrieved with the concurrent surface measurements averaging all the traffic and urban background (- 44%) and all the rural background stations (- 20%). These results suggest air pollution improvement in Rome gained from implementing lockdown restrictions. https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://schema.org/encodingFormat application/ld+json https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://schema.org/hasPart https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/resources/87eca91a-1123-4df7-81b7-6b6605cefd15 https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://schema.org/identifier https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://schema.org/license https://choosealicense.com/no-permission/ https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://schema.org/name Nitrogen dioxide reductions from satellite and surface observations during COVID-19 mitigation in Rome (Italy) https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#creation_mode MANUAL https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/ro#ResearchObject https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/roevo#LiveRO https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/Dataset https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://w3id.org/ro/earth-science#BibliographyResearchObject https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/ro/terms/earth-science#BibliographyResearchObject https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ https://www.w3.org/ns/iana/link-relations/relation#cite-as Foglini, Federica. "Nitrogen dioxide reductions from satellite and surface observations during COVID-19 mitigation in Rome (Italy)." ROHub. Dec 10 ,2021. https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b. https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/resources/87eca91a-1123-4df7-81b7-6b6605cefd15 http://schema.org/author mailto:service-account-generation-service https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/resources/87eca91a-1123-4df7-81b7-6b6605cefd15 http://schema.org/contentSize 261 https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/resources/87eca91a-1123-4df7-81b7-6b6605cefd15 http://schema.org/contentUrl https://api.rohub.org/api/resources/87eca91a-1123-4df7-81b7-6b6605cefd15/download/ https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/resources/87eca91a-1123-4df7-81b7-6b6605cefd15 http://schema.org/creator mailto:service-account-generation-service https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/resources/87eca91a-1123-4df7-81b7-6b6605cefd15 http://schema.org/dateCreated 2021-12-10 09:58:25.751246+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/resources/87eca91a-1123-4df7-81b7-6b6605cefd15 http://schema.org/dateModified 2021-12-10 09:58:25.752238+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/resources/87eca91a-1123-4df7-81b7-6b6605cefd15 http://schema.org/description Lockdown restrictions were implemented in Italy from 10 March 2020 to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study aims to evaluate air pollution changes, with focus on nitrogen dioxide (NO2), before and during the lockdown in Rome and in the surroundings. Significant NO2 declines were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic with reductions of - 50%, - 34%, and - 20% at urban traffic, urban background, and rural background stations, respectively. Tropospheric NO2 vertical column density (VCD) from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) was used to evaluate the spatial-temporal variations of the NO2 before and during the lockdown for the entire area where the surface stations are located. The evaluation is concerned with the pixels including one or more air quality stations to explore the capability of the unprecedented high spatial resolution to monitor urban and rural sites from space with relation to the surface measurements. Good agreement between surface concentration and TROPOMI VCD was obtained in Rome (R = 0.64 in 2019, R = 0.77 in 2020) and in rural sites (R = 0.71 in 2019). Inversely, a slight correlation (R = 0.20) was observed in rural areas during the lockdown due to very low levels of NO2. Finally, the TROPOMI VCD showed a sharp decline in NO2, larger in urban (- 43%) than in rural sites (- 17%) as retrieved with the concurrent surface measurements averaging all the traffic and urban background (- 44%) and all the rural background stations (- 20%). These results suggest air pollution improvement in Rome gained from implementing lockdown restrictions. https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/resources/87eca91a-1123-4df7-81b7-6b6605cefd15 http://schema.org/encodingFormat text/plain https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/resources/87eca91a-1123-4df7-81b7-6b6605cefd15 http://schema.org/license https://choosealicense.com/no-permission/ https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/resources/87eca91a-1123-4df7-81b7-6b6605cefd15 http://schema.org/name Nitrogen dioxide reductions from satellite and surface observations during COVID-19 mitigation in Rome (Italy) https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/resources/87eca91a-1123-4df7-81b7-6b6605cefd15 http://schema.org/sdDatePublished 2021-12-10 09:58:25.751246+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/resources/87eca91a-1123-4df7-81b7-6b6605cefd15 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/wf4ever#Resource https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/resources/87eca91a-1123-4df7-81b7-6b6605cefd15 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/MediaObject https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ro-crate-metadata.json http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo https://w3id.org/ro/crate/1.1 https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ro-crate-metadata.json http://schema.org/about https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ro-crate-metadata.json http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/CreativeWork mailto:service-account-generation-service http://schema.org/name service-account-generation-service mailto:service-account-generation-service http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent https://w3id.org/np/RAVYwJVDDwYjYjWZDlOyoAICHaTw9aLeekz22P5VUHRyk/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAVYwJVDDwYjYjWZDlOyoAICHaTw9aLeekz22P5VUHRyk/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://api.rohub.org/api/ros/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/crate/download/ro-crate-metadata.json https://w3id.org/np/RAVYwJVDDwYjYjWZDlOyoAICHaTw9aLeekz22P5VUHRyk/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAVYwJVDDwYjYjWZDlOyoAICHaTw9aLeekz22P5VUHRyk http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-03-03T16:44:08.572+01:00 https://w3id.org/np/RAVYwJVDDwYjYjWZDlOyoAICHaTw9aLeekz22P5VUHRyk http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://w3id.org/kpxl/gen/terms/RoCrateBot https://w3id.org/np/RAVYwJVDDwYjYjWZDlOyoAICHaTw9aLeekz22P5VUHRyk http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://w3id.org/ro-id/d6c968ae-1259-4720-9d4a-7e2eafaefa8b/ https://w3id.org/np/RAVYwJVDDwYjYjWZDlOyoAICHaTw9aLeekz22P5VUHRyk http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/nanopub/x/RoCrateNanopub https://w3id.org/np/RAVYwJVDDwYjYjWZDlOyoAICHaTw9aLeekz22P5VUHRyk http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Nitrogen dioxide reductions from satellite and surface observations during COVID-19 mitigation in Rome (Italy) https://w3id.org/np/RAVYwJVDDwYjYjWZDlOyoAICHaTw9aLeekz22P5VUHRyk/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RAVYwJVDDwYjYjWZDlOyoAICHaTw9aLeekz22P5VUHRyk/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAxszSDYX5tuCSkP7UiCtftYPFNQVTjgNu0I5fwdML2DLRDlp0xzmsQXRk8oHuvwGvG1aMjj6cpUqO+0rz2Sg/wvHOgUpkRH8VJXvmlkhafMLCMtUtk5JIx7e+fkzCby+fnmD7kMkGLrT+OaExWwEDmNlCAt0TPKcHSdwsjso2isXjtAsGevyCMke8ufnFYpjs746JES1eNzVnHnn2Kp/lqcm60GM+J8dLgRZp7fX0anW098xhKym6+xXFzqeju0vYRIHBPerv+r7skWxwk+a7Sd8msqVeYEv6NTqnyWvyWb6Yh8cvj04N6qm/T6C5FUPLQhzSaQgMVMU6yLqjPuu9DwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RAVYwJVDDwYjYjWZDlOyoAICHaTw9aLeekz22P5VUHRyk/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature UKxSMCz5FSXAZbEw8LQLIULLGFYsfFcAnwMYg98oHT9gGhjfKWUExAuzMCIKffOEJyF+Jg5UnhpveQAV/9Tb9BqDnjNgdW4afb7z5HGwRoC06eREpVlEo2fYiYRZiJn7+NaeYjaIjntLCEjDGbgaQ+hwqsJ9/V7vgoxF6Gy/sy7WZJnS1Pc7TCsrJVa+0r4dCiyoebeQZqaVMbf3tsVMdsUCVcNwDlKL37eUd1VYm4APwdQr4MXT+gNZB+eSLBJX6qdZliHXZ2D5tVvgpv1tGV7F9sgtJtR0JYIBv46NCC+jN69YpjHphQs2wTJpAZglE9Q/Ox2Suo74xQNZct4VuQ== https://w3id.org/np/RAVYwJVDDwYjYjWZDlOyoAICHaTw9aLeekz22P5VUHRyk/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RAVYwJVDDwYjYjWZDlOyoAICHaTw9aLeekz22P5VUHRyk https://w3id.org/np/RAVYwJVDDwYjYjWZDlOyoAICHaTw9aLeekz22P5VUHRyk/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://w3id.org/kpxl/gen/terms/RoCrateBot