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Here we perform a massive analysis on near-real-time Italian mobility data provided by Facebook to investigate how lockdown strategies affect economic conditions of individuals and local governments. We model the change in mobility as an exogenous shock similar to a natural disaster. We identify two ways through which mobility restrictions affect Italian citizens. First, we find that the impact of lockdown is stronger in municipalities with higher fiscal capacity. Second, we find evidence of a segregation effect, since mobility contraction is stronger in municipalities in which inequality is higher and for those where individuals have lower income per capita. Our results highlight both the social costs of lockdown and a challenge of unprecedented intensity: On the one hand, the crisis is inducing a sharp reduction of fiscal revenues for both national and local governments; on the other hand, a significant fiscal effort is needed to sustain the most fragile individuals and to mitigate the increase in poverty and inequality induced by the lockdown. https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ http://schema.org/encodingFormat application/ld+json https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ http://schema.org/hasPart https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/resources/edbb0b87-359c-4381-9289-52f1604ebf29 https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ http://schema.org/identifier https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369 https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ http://schema.org/license https://choosealicense.com/no-permission/ https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ http://schema.org/name Economic and social consequences of human mobility restrictions under COVID-19 https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ http://w3id.org/ro-id/rohub/model#creation_mode MANUAL https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/ro#ResearchObject https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/roevo#LiveRO https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/Dataset https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://w3id.org/ro/earth-science#BibliographyResearchObject https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/ro/terms/earth-science#BibliographyResearchObject https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ https://www.w3.org/ns/iana/link-relations/relation#cite-as Foglini, Federica. "Economic and social consequences of human mobility restrictions under COVID-19." ROHub. 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Here we perform a massive analysis on near-real-time Italian mobility data provided by Facebook to investigate how lockdown strategies affect economic conditions of individuals and local governments. We model the change in mobility as an exogenous shock similar to a natural disaster. We identify two ways through which mobility restrictions affect Italian citizens. First, we find that the impact of lockdown is stronger in municipalities with higher fiscal capacity. Second, we find evidence of a segregation effect, since mobility contraction is stronger in municipalities in which inequality is higher and for those where individuals have lower income per capita. Our results highlight both the social costs of lockdown and a challenge of unprecedented intensity: On the one hand, the crisis is inducing a sharp reduction of fiscal revenues for both national and local governments; on the other hand, a significant fiscal effort is needed to sustain the most fragile individuals and to mitigate the increase in poverty and inequality induced by the lockdown. https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/resources/edbb0b87-359c-4381-9289-52f1604ebf29 http://schema.org/encodingFormat text/plain https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/resources/edbb0b87-359c-4381-9289-52f1604ebf29 http://schema.org/license https://choosealicense.com/no-permission/ https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/resources/edbb0b87-359c-4381-9289-52f1604ebf29 http://schema.org/name Economic and social consequences of human mobility restrictions under COVID-19 https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/resources/edbb0b87-359c-4381-9289-52f1604ebf29 http://schema.org/sdDatePublished 2021-12-10 10:06:20.410214+00:00 https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/resources/edbb0b87-359c-4381-9289-52f1604ebf29 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/wf4ever/wf4ever#Resource https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/resources/edbb0b87-359c-4381-9289-52f1604ebf29 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/MediaObject https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ro-crate-metadata.json http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo https://w3id.org/ro/crate/1.1 https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ro-crate-metadata.json http://schema.org/about https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ro-crate-metadata.json http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://schema.org/CreativeWork mailto:service-account-generation-service http://schema.org/name service-account-generation-service mailto:service-account-generation-service http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent https://w3id.org/np/RAYxa8ujCoW3JKqMjQg7TdfAn7-dKmhzPFITqsvLPt1Hs/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAYxa8ujCoW3JKqMjQg7TdfAn7-dKmhzPFITqsvLPt1Hs/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://api.rohub.org/api/ros/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/crate/download/ro-crate-metadata.json https://w3id.org/np/RAYxa8ujCoW3JKqMjQg7TdfAn7-dKmhzPFITqsvLPt1Hs/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAYxa8ujCoW3JKqMjQg7TdfAn7-dKmhzPFITqsvLPt1Hs http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-03-03T16:43:36.871+01:00 https://w3id.org/np/RAYxa8ujCoW3JKqMjQg7TdfAn7-dKmhzPFITqsvLPt1Hs http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://w3id.org/kpxl/gen/terms/RoCrateBot https://w3id.org/np/RAYxa8ujCoW3JKqMjQg7TdfAn7-dKmhzPFITqsvLPt1Hs http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://w3id.org/ro-id/55f5ab15-13df-4205-b2e5-2d5d80107369/ https://w3id.org/np/RAYxa8ujCoW3JKqMjQg7TdfAn7-dKmhzPFITqsvLPt1Hs http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://purl.org/nanopub/x/RoCrateNanopub https://w3id.org/np/RAYxa8ujCoW3JKqMjQg7TdfAn7-dKmhzPFITqsvLPt1Hs http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Economic and social consequences of human mobility restrictions under COVID-19 https://w3id.org/np/RAYxa8ujCoW3JKqMjQg7TdfAn7-dKmhzPFITqsvLPt1Hs/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RAYxa8ujCoW3JKqMjQg7TdfAn7-dKmhzPFITqsvLPt1Hs/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAxszSDYX5tuCSkP7UiCtftYPFNQVTjgNu0I5fwdML2DLRDlp0xzmsQXRk8oHuvwGvG1aMjj6cpUqO+0rz2Sg/wvHOgUpkRH8VJXvmlkhafMLCMtUtk5JIx7e+fkzCby+fnmD7kMkGLrT+OaExWwEDmNlCAt0TPKcHSdwsjso2isXjtAsGevyCMke8ufnFYpjs746JES1eNzVnHnn2Kp/lqcm60GM+J8dLgRZp7fX0anW098xhKym6+xXFzqeju0vYRIHBPerv+r7skWxwk+a7Sd8msqVeYEv6NTqnyWvyWb6Yh8cvj04N6qm/T6C5FUPLQhzSaQgMVMU6yLqjPuu9DwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RAYxa8ujCoW3JKqMjQg7TdfAn7-dKmhzPFITqsvLPt1Hs/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature quvT2krMYY6CZOZ8kMNZ0EievlExYkhcQCgUMIw5LLi47OgiAnVvvqWL9k9FdFJ4aJnwqmUx/bXyirk0zJHsRmf9P5p050yH0Ee10sm2/AKUaLtERq1ZGlIEA6eduC60QTQS9wtPIu8+1JzzssW6t0jp6NaNQcvph9S3hWpUAuj+RTmCsbDSLRyXnvZdQuagpGqnAs0IuwgO/dWt8EjjriGpQ0TheivEq5cPOWHaPd4w1vslvMZHuGBn59zOYou0Ok4dmwyMv97PDgC5xj6rvj3jn/OiEY4rBWsDafWM2bSflV15Cw08BM6M8MZ4h0LjoQj6qKs+n5g3OxdC9OGB5g== https://w3id.org/np/RAYxa8ujCoW3JKqMjQg7TdfAn7-dKmhzPFITqsvLPt1Hs/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RAYxa8ujCoW3JKqMjQg7TdfAn7-dKmhzPFITqsvLPt1Hs https://w3id.org/np/RAYxa8ujCoW3JKqMjQg7TdfAn7-dKmhzPFITqsvLPt1Hs/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://w3id.org/kpxl/gen/terms/RoCrateBot